SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10706, 10707, 10708, 10709, 10710, 10711, 
    10712, 10721, 10737, 10738, 10739, 
    10740, 10760, 10762, 10764, 10765
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00153

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (10706,10707,10708,10709,10710,10711,10712,10721,10737,10738,10739,10740,10760,10762,10764,10765) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}