SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10957, 10962, 10963, 10964, 10977, 10981, 
    10982, 10983, 10984, 10985, 10987, 
    10989, 10990, 10993, 10994, 10995
  )

Query time 0.00018

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (10957,10962,10963,10964,10977,10981,10982,10983,10984,10985,10987,10989,10990,10993,10994,10995)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}