SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10680, 10681, 10682, 10683, 10684, 10685, 
    10686, 10687, 10688, 10692, 10693, 
    10694, 10699, 10702, 10704, 10705
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00034

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (10680,10681,10682,10683,10684,10685,10686,10687,10688,10692,10693,10694,10699,10702,10704,10705) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}