SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10373, 10380, 10382, 10383, 10395, 10400, 
    10401, 10402, 10403, 10404, 10405, 
    10406, 10407, 10410, 10411, 10417
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00023

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (10373,10380,10382,10383,10395,10400,10401,10402,10403,10404,10405,10406,10407,10410,10411,10417) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}