SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10418, 10419, 10420, 10421, 10434, 10436, 
    10450, 10453, 10459, 10466, 10470, 
    10471, 10472, 10473, 10477, 10478
  )

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (10418,10419,10420,10421,10434,10436,10450,10453,10459,10466,10470,10471,10472,10473,10477,10478)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}