SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10006, 10007, 10008, 10009, 10010, 10012, 
    10013, 10015, 10021, 10027, 10038, 
    10039, 10040, 10041, 10052, 10053
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00027

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (10006,10007,10008,10009,10010,10012,10013,10015,10021,10027,10038,10039,10040,10041,10052,10053) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}