SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10061, 10063, 10064, 10074, 10076, 10077, 
    10080, 10081, 10082, 10083, 10084, 
    10085, 10086, 10087, 10088, 10090
  )

Query time 0.00017

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (10061,10063,10064,10074,10076,10077,10080,10081,10082,10083,10084,10085,10086,10087,10088,10090)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}