SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10256, 10257, 10274, 10275, 10282, 10285, 
    10293, 10294, 10295, 10297, 10301, 
    10303, 10306, 10307, 10309, 10315
  )

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (10256,10257,10274,10275,10282,10285,10293,10294,10295,10297,10301,10303,10306,10307,10309,10315)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}