SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.unit_name 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    10061, 10063, 10064, 10074, 10076, 10077, 
    10080, 10081, 10082, 10083, 10084, 
    10085, 10086, 10087, 10088, 10090
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00043

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id", "idx_product_lang"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (10061,10063,10064,10074,10076,10077,10080,10081,10082,10083,10084,10085,10086,10087,10088,10090) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id unit_name
10061
10063
10064
10074
10076
10077
10080
10081
10082
10083
10084
10085
10086
10087
10088
10090