SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10614, 10628, 10630, 10631, 10633, 10635, 
    10637, 10642, 10643, 10644, 10650, 
    10651, 10652, 10653, 10654, 10655
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00031

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (10614,10628,10630,10631,10633,10635,10637,10642,10643,10644,10650,10651,10652,10653,10654,10655) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}