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SELECT 
  c.product_id AS cur_product_id, 
  a.*, 
  b.option_name, 
  b.internal_option_name, 
  b.option_text, 
  b.description, 
  b.inner_hint, 
  b.incorrect_message, 
  b.comment 
FROM 
  cscart_product_options as a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_options_descriptions as b ON a.option_id = b.option_id 
  AND b.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_global_option_links as c ON c.option_id = a.option_id 
WHERE 
  c.product_id IN (
    23727, 23728, 23729, 23730, 23731, 23732, 
    23733, 23734, 23735, 23736, 23737, 
    23738, 23739, 23740, 23741, 23742
  ) 
  AND a.product_id = 0 
  AND a.status = 'A' 
ORDER BY 
  a.position

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "message": "Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables"
    }
  }
}