SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    23711, 23712, 23713, 23714, 23715, 23716, 
    23717, 23718, 23719, 23720, 23721, 
    23722, 23723, 23724, 23725, 23726
  )

Query time 0.00021

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (23711,23712,23713,23714,23715,23716,23717,23718,23719,23720,23721,23722,23723,23724,23725,23726)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}