SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    23599, 23600, 23601, 23602, 23603, 23604, 
    23605, 23606, 23607, 23608, 23609, 
    23610, 23611, 23612, 23613, 23614
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00025

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (23599,23600,23601,23602,23603,23604,23605,23606,23607,23608,23609,23610,23611,23612,23613,23614) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}