SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    23391, 23392, 23393, 23394, 23395, 23396, 
    23397, 23398, 23399, 23400, 23401, 
    23402, 23403, 23404, 23405, 23406
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00025

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (23391,23392,23393,23394,23395,23396,23397,23398,23399,23400,23401,23402,23403,23404,23405,23406) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}