SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    23535, 23536, 23537, 23538, 23539, 23540, 
    23541, 23542, 23543, 23544, 23545, 
    23546, 23547, 23548, 23549, 23550
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00028

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (23535,23536,23537,23538,23539,23540,23541,23542,23543,23544,23545,23546,23547,23548,23549,23550) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}