SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    23647, 23648, 23649, 23650, 23651, 23652, 
    23653, 23654, 23655, 23656, 23657, 
    23658, 23659, 23660, 23661, 23662
  )

Query time 0.00019

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (23647,23648,23649,23650,23651,23652,23653,23654,23655,23656,23657,23658,23659,23660,23661,23662)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}