SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    22863, 22864, 22865, 22866, 22867, 22868, 
    22869, 22870, 22871, 22872, 22873, 
    22874, 22875, 22876, 22877, 22878
  )

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (22863,22864,22865,22866,22867,22868,22869,22870,22871,22872,22873,22874,22875,22876,22877,22878)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}