SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    23103, 23104, 23105, 23106, 23107, 23108, 
    23109, 23110, 23111, 23112, 23113, 
    23114, 23115, 23116, 23117, 23118
  )

Query time 0.00016

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (23103,23104,23105,23106,23107,23108,23109,23110,23111,23112,23113,23114,23115,23116,23117,23118)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}