SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    23103, 23104, 23105, 23106, 23107, 23108, 
    23109, 23110, 23111, 23112, 23113, 
    23114, 23115, 23116, 23117, 23118
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00350

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "206",
      "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "type", "dispatch", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (23103,23104,23105,23106,23107,23108,23109,23110,23111,23112,23113,23114,23115,23116,23117,23118) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
23103 guard-assembly-rear-wheel-right-ru-4 499/514/596
23104 spoiler-assy-rr-ru-3 499/514/584
23105 pad-2-rear-spoiler 499/514/584
23106 pad-4-rear-spoiler 499/514/584
23107 rack-assembly-loop-left-ru-3 499/514/584
23108 rack-assembly-loop-right-ru-3 499/514/584
23109 pad-antinoise-n0-3-ru 499/514/604
23110 pad-antinoise-n0-1-ru 499/514/604
23111 pad-antinoise-n0-2-ru 499/514/604
23112 emblem-gv70 499/514/604
23113 emblem-awd-ru-3 499/514/604
23114 emblem-genesis-ru-5 499/514/604
23115 bolt-insert-ru 499/514/604
23116 pad-tail-gate-garnish-ru 499/514/604
23117 pad-sealing-ru-6 499/514/604
23118 pad-antinoise-ru 499/514/604