SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    22383, 22384, 22385, 22386, 22387, 22388, 
    22389, 22390, 22391, 22392, 22393, 
    22394, 22395, 22396, 22397, 22398
  )

Query time 0.00014

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (22383,22384,22385,22386,22387,22388,22389,22390,22391,22392,22393,22394,22395,22396,22397,22398)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}