SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    21999, 22000, 22001, 22002, 22003, 22004, 
    22005, 22006, 22007, 22008, 22009, 
    22010, 22011, 22012, 22013, 22014
  )

Query time 0.00016

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (21999,22000,22001,22002,22003,22004,22005,22006,22007,22008,22009,22010,22011,22012,22013,22014)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}