SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    21983, 21984, 21985, 21986, 21987, 21988, 
    21989, 21990, 21991, 21992, 21993, 
    21994, 21995, 21996, 21997, 21998
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00040

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (21983,21984,21985,21986,21987,21988,21989,21990,21991,21992,21993,21994,21995,21996,21997,21998) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}