SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    22031, 22032, 22033, 22034, 22035, 22036, 
    22037, 22038, 22039, 22040, 22041, 
    22042, 22043, 22044, 22045, 22046
  )

Query time 0.00014

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (22031,22032,22033,22034,22035,22036,22037,22038,22039,22040,22041,22042,22043,22044,22045,22046)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}