SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    21727, 21728, 21729, 21730, 21731, 21732, 
    21733, 21734, 21735, 21736, 21737, 
    21738, 21739, 21740, 21741, 21742
  )

Query time 0.00013

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (21727,21728,21729,21730,21731,21732,21733,21734,21735,21736,21737,21738,21739,21740,21741,21742)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}