SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    21455, 21456, 21457, 21458, 21459, 21460, 
    21461, 21462, 21463, 21464, 21465, 
    21466, 21467, 21468, 21469, 21470
  )

Query time 0.00013

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (21455,21456,21457,21458,21459,21460,21461,21462,21463,21464,21465,21466,21467,21468,21469,21470)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}