SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    21503, 21504, 21505, 21506, 21507, 21508, 
    21509, 21510, 21511, 21512, 21513, 
    21514, 21515, 21516, 21517, 21518
  )

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (21503,21504,21505,21506,21507,21508,21509,21510,21511,21512,21513,21514,21515,21516,21517,21518)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}