SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    21487, 21488, 21489, 21490, 21491, 21492, 
    21493, 21494, 21495, 21496, 21497, 
    21498, 21499, 21500, 21501, 21502
  )

Query time 0.00025

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (21487,21488,21489,21490,21491,21492,21493,21494,21495,21496,21497,21498,21499,21500,21501,21502)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}