SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    21229, 21230, 21231, 21232, 21233, 21234, 
    21235, 21236, 21237, 21238, 21239, 
    21240, 21241, 21242, 21243, 21244
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00070

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "206",
      "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "type", "dispatch", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (21229,21230,21231,21232,21233,21234,21235,21236,21237,21238,21239,21240,21241,21242,21243,21244) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
21229 protector-wiring-ru-79 499/532/516
21230 protector-wiring-ru-80 499/532/516
21231 protector-wiring-ru-81 499/532/516
21232 bolt-ru-9 499/532/516
21233 fuse-60-a 499/532/516
21234 cover-junction-box-lower-part 499/532/516
21235 wiring-assembly-front-ru-6 499/532/516
21236 upper-cover-assembly-fuse-and-relay-ru 499/532/516
21237 lower-cover-ru-3 499/532/516
21238 upper-cover-engine-room-box-ru-6 499/532/516
21239 protector-wiring-ru-82 499/532/516
21240 protector-wiring-ru-83 499/532/516
21241 protector-wiring-ru-84 499/532/516
21242 protector-wiring-ru-85 499/532/516
21243 protector-wiring-ru-86 499/532/516
21244 bolt-ru-10 499/532/516