SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    21229, 21230, 21231, 21232, 21233, 21234, 
    21235, 21236, 21237, 21238, 21239, 
    21240, 21241, 21242, 21243, 21244
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00029

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (21229,21230,21231,21232,21233,21234,21235,21236,21237,21238,21239,21240,21241,21242,21243,21244) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}