SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19581, 19582, 19583, 19584, 19585, 19586, 
    19587, 19588, 19589, 19590, 19591, 
    19592, 19593, 19594, 19595, 19596
  )

Query time 0.00019

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19581,19582,19583,19584,19585,19586,19587,19588,19589,19590,19591,19592,19593,19594,19595,19596)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}