SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    20797, 20798, 20799, 20800, 20801, 20802, 
    20803, 20804, 20805, 20806, 20807, 
    20808, 20809, 20810, 20811, 20812
  )

Query time 0.00017

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (20797,20798,20799,20800,20801,20802,20803,20804,20805,20806,20807,20808,20809,20810,20811,20812)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}