SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    20909, 20910, 20911, 20912, 20913, 20914, 
    20915, 20916, 20917, 20918, 20919, 
    20920, 20921, 20922, 20923, 20924
  )

Query time 0.00013

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (20909,20910,20911,20912,20913,20914,20915,20916,20917,20918,20919,20920,20921,20922,20923,20924)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}