SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19677, 19678, 19679, 19680, 19681, 19682, 
    19683, 19684, 19685, 19686, 19687, 
    19688, 19689, 19690, 19691, 19692
  )

Query time 0.00018

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19677,19678,19679,19680,19681,19682,19683,19684,19685,19686,19687,19688,19689,19690,19691,19692)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}