SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19853, 19854, 19855, 19856, 19857, 19858, 
    19859, 19860, 19861, 19862, 19863, 
    19864, 19865, 19866, 19867, 19868
  )

Query time 0.00013

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19853,19854,19855,19856,19857,19858,19859,19860,19861,19862,19863,19864,19865,19866,19867,19868)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}