SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19821, 19822, 19823, 19824, 19825, 19826, 
    19827, 19828, 19829, 19830, 19831, 
    19832, 19833, 19834, 19835, 19836
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00024

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (19821,19822,19823,19824,19825,19826,19827,19828,19829,19830,19831,19832,19833,19834,19835,19836) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}