SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19549, 19550, 19551, 19552, 19553, 19554, 
    19555, 19556, 19557, 19558, 19559, 
    19560, 19561, 19562, 19563, 19564
  )

Query time 0.00019

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19549,19550,19551,19552,19553,19554,19555,19556,19557,19558,19559,19560,19561,19562,19563,19564)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}