SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19613, 19614, 19615, 19616, 19617, 19618, 
    19619, 19620, 19621, 19622, 19623, 
    19624, 19625, 19626, 19627, 19628
  )

Query time 0.00024

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19613,19614,19615,19616,19617,19618,19619,19620,19621,19622,19623,19624,19625,19626,19627,19628)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}