SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19757, 19758, 19759, 19760, 19761, 19762, 
    19763, 19764, 19765, 19766, 19767, 
    19768, 19769, 19770, 19771, 19772
  )

Query time 0.00019

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19757,19758,19759,19760,19761,19762,19763,19764,19765,19766,19767,19768,19769,19770,19771,19772)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}