SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19597, 19598, 19599, 19600, 19601, 19602, 
    19603, 19604, 19605, 19606, 19607, 
    19608, 19609, 19610, 19611, 19612
  )

Query time 0.00021

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19597,19598,19599,19600,19601,19602,19603,19604,19605,19606,19607,19608,19609,19610,19611,19612)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}