SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19389, 19390, 19391, 19392, 19393, 19394, 
    19395, 19396, 19397, 19398, 19399, 
    19400, 19401, 19402, 19403, 19404
  )

Query time 0.00022

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (19389,19390,19391,19392,19393,19394,19395,19396,19397,19398,19399,19400,19401,19402,19403,19404)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}