SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    17198, 17199, 17200, 17201, 17202, 17203, 
    17204, 17205, 17206, 17207, 17208, 
    17209, 17210, 17211, 17212, 17213
  )

Query time 0.00014

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (17198,17199,17200,17201,17202,17203,17204,17205,17206,17207,17208,17209,17210,17211,17212,17213)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}