SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    17086, 17087, 17088, 17089, 17090, 17091, 
    17092, 17093, 17094, 17095, 17096, 
    17097, 17098, 17099, 17100, 17101
  )

Query time 0.00018

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (17086,17087,17088,17089,17090,17091,17092,17093,17094,17095,17096,17097,17098,17099,17100,17101)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}