SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    17134, 17135, 17136, 17137, 17138, 17139, 
    17140, 17141, 17142, 17143, 17144, 
    17145, 17146, 17147, 17148, 17149
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00026

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (17134,17135,17136,17137,17138,17139,17140,17141,17142,17143,17144,17145,17146,17147,17148,17149) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}