SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    18589, 18590, 18591, 18592, 18593, 18594, 
    18595, 18596, 18597, 18598, 18599, 
    18600, 18601, 18602, 18603, 18604
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00025

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (18589,18590,18591,18592,18593,18594,18595,18596,18597,18598,18599,18600,18601,18602,18603,18604) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}