SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_mb_ali_products 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10181, 10182, 10187, 10190, 10193, 10216, 
    10217, 10221, 10224, 10226, 10227, 
    10228, 10229, 10232, 10233, 10235
  )

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_mb_ali_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["product_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_mb_ali_products.product_id in (10181,10182,10187,10190,10193,10216,10217,10221,10224,10226,10227,10228,10229,10232,10233,10235)",
      "using_index": true
    }
  }
}