SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10092, 10128, 10129, 10160, 10166, 10167, 
    10170, 10171, 10172, 10173, 10174, 
    10175, 10176, 10177, 10178, 10180
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00026

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 32,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (10092,10128,10129,10160,10166,10167,10170,10171,10172,10173,10174,10175,10176,10177,10178,10180) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}